Moving from Alabama to Washington: Residency, Taxes, and What to Prove

In Alabama

Alabama's major hospital systems (UAB in Birmingham, Huntsville Hospital) are significant travel-nursing markets. Because Alabama's presumption threshold is a cumulative seven months rather than 183 days, a nurse needs to track total months of Alabama presence across contracts within the tax year against that higher bar, while remembering that maintaining a permanent place of abode in Alabama is a separate condition of the presumption, not an automatic trigger from days alone.

In Washington

Seattle-area hospital systems are a major travel nursing market. Because Washington has no general wage income tax, a genuine Washington tax home creates no state income tax exposure on stipends or wages earned in Washington, though nurses still owe nonresident tax in every other income-tax state where they take assignments. The same tax-home substantiation rules apply: an actual, regularly used residence with duplicated living expenses, not just a mailing address.

In Alabama

Alabama has no major-league professional sports franchise, so its jock-tax exposure runs entirely through visiting athletes and, more prominently, college athletics: NIL (name, image, likeness) income earned by student-athletes at Alabama's major programs is Alabama-source income subject to the state's standard individual income tax rates, an increasingly relevant issue as NIL payments have grown.

In Washington

The Seahawks, Mariners, Sounders, and Kraken are all based in Washington, and for decades Washington's lack of a personal income tax made contracts here worth more after-tax than identical contracts in California or New York, since athletes owed no state tax on the home-state portion of their income. That advantage has a hidden cost: because Washington historically had no income tax, athletes domiciled here got no tax credit to offset the jock tax other states charged them for road games, making those out-of-state payments a pure additional cost rather than an offset against home-state liability. The 2028 Millionaires' Tax will itself begin reaching a portion of highly paid athletes' income domiciled in Washington.

In Alabama

Alabama's Gulf Coast (Gulf Shores, Orange Beach) draws seasonal visitors, but the seven-month presumption is a materially higher bar than the 183-day rule used in most other states, meaning a snowbird can stay considerably longer in Alabama than they could in a 183-day state before triggering the statutory presumption, though genuine domicile-based residency remains possible even for a shorter stay if the person's conduct shows intent to make Alabama home.

In Washington

The relevant test for a long-term visitor isn't Washington's general tax system, since there is none for ordinary wages, but the 183-day physical-presence-plus-abode test and the 30-day safe harbor under the capital gains excise tax. Someone who keeps a Washington vacation home and visits often needs to track their day count carefully if they have appreciated stock or other intangible property they might sell, since crossing 183 days while maintaining a Washington abode can make them a Washington resident for that tax even without ever forming domiciliary intent.

In Alabama

Alabama has no convenience-of-the-employer rule. A remote worker physically performing work from Alabama for an out-of-state employer owes Alabama tax on that Alabama-source income under the state's standard sourcing rules; Alabama's full federal-income-tax deduction can meaningfully soften the effective state tax rate compared to states without that deduction.

In Washington

Washington has no convenience-of-employer rule and, until 2028, no general wage income tax at all, making it one of the most attractive states for remote workers regardless of where their employer is based. The capital gains excise tax and the incoming Millionaires' Tax are the only state-level income taxes that reach a remote worker's earnings, and both turn primarily on domicile rather than employer location.

In Alabama

Alabama follows the federal Servicemembers Civil Relief Act and Military Spouses Residency Relief Act, but its own regulation is notably taxpayer-unfriendly on the presumption side: federal employees and military personnel domiciled in Alabama remain presumptively Alabama residents, taxed on worldwide income, until they affirmatively prove a change of domicile, meaning a permanent change of station alone does not end Alabama tax residency without proof of genuine domicile abandonment. Alabama fully exempts military retirement pay from state income tax, a significant draw for the state's sizable veteran population given its bases (Redstone Arsenal, Maxwell-Gunter, Fort Novosel).

In Washington

Washington follows the federal Servicemembers Civil Relief Act and Military Spouses Residency Relief Act. Naval Base Kitsap and Joint Base Lewis-McChord are major installations, and because Washington has no general wage income tax, service members and spouses electing Washington domicile under MSRRA owe no state tax on military pay or spousal wage income today.

In Alabama

Alabama has a smaller commercial airline crew base than its neighbors, concentrated around Birmingham-Shuttlesworth. Federal law (49 U.S.C. § 40116) limits state taxation of air carrier employees to their state of residence and, narrowly, a state where more than 50% of pay is earned; crew domiciled in Alabama are taxed on their full wages under the state's standard resident rules.

In Washington

Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA) is a major hub and crew base for Alaska Airlines and Delta. Federal law (49 U.S.C. §40116) limits taxation of air carrier employees to their state of residence and any state where they earn more than 50% of pay; because Washington has no general wage income tax, Washington-based crew owe no state tax on their wages today regardless of this federal carve-out, though the 2028 Millionaires' Tax may eventually intersect with it for the highest earners.